En este artículo se expone un balance de los 15 años de innovación del melocotón plano en España, con especial referencia al origen, la introducción de nuevas variedades, los parámetros de calidad, la evolución de las producciones y exportaciones, los costes de producción y las perspectivas de futuro. Un cultivo cuya producción se concentra en áreas muy concretas de España, Lleida, Huesca y Murcia, y que cuenta todavía con un amplio margen de crecimiento en las exportaciones. Su notable expansión demuestra la gran capacidad de innovación del sector productor en nuevas variedades y en nuevas tipologías de fruto. El melocotón plano aporta características únicas en cuanto a sabor, forma y comodidad de consumo, muy apreciadas por los consumidores y gracias a las cuales su desarrollo a escala comercial ha sido un claro ejemplo de éxito, salvando varias campañas con importantes crisis de precios. La nectarina plana aúna las mismas características que el melocotón plano, pero además aporta una mayor facilidad de consumo por carecer de vellosidad. Una vez se disponga de una gama varietal con cerramiento óptimo, epidermis atractiva y buena aptitud a la conservación y al transporte, será sin duda el destino final de los frutos planos hacia un sabor concreto, dulce y aromático, y hacia la comodidad de consumo.
Palabras clave: Melocotón plano, Nectarina plana, Calidad gustativa, Producción, Costes de producción, Exportaciones, Nuevas variedades.

Abstract
The flat peach in Spain: 15 years of technological and commercial innovation. An overview of 15 years of flat peach’s innovation in Spain, with particular reference to the new varieties introduction and development, the quality parameters, the evolution of production and exports, the costs of production, is presented. Its production is mainly located in specific areas of Spain as Lleida, Huesca and Murcia. Its remarkable expansion shows the great innovative capacity of fruit industry in adapting and developing new cultivars and new fruit typologies. The flat peach has unique characteristics in terms of identification, taste and convenience to consumption, altogether, highly appreciated by consumers from different European countries. For these characteristics its development on a commercial scale has been a clear example of success for the fruit industry, helping to maintain or increase the profit in several seasons with recurrent price crisis. The flat nectarine combines the same characteristics as the flat peach, but its consumption is easier due to its fuzzless skin. Once a range of new cultivars be available having a good pistil cavity closing, attractive skin and good aptitude to conservation and transport, this particular type of fruit will be the natural and final destination of flat fruits considering the taste, always sweet and aromatic, and the convenience.
Key words: Flat peach, Flat nectarine, Fruit quality, Production, Costs of production, Export, New cultivars.

En este artículo se presenta una serie de variedades que pueden diversificar el panorama de peras italiano. Caracterizadas por una buena calidad y apariencia, estas variedades provienen de un proyecto de mejora genética iniciado hace más de 40 años.
En la parrilla de salida, hay una nueva selección que puede alargar el período de recolección de Carmen, la variedad más extendida entre las nuevas peras del CRA de Forlì (Italia).
Palabras clave: Calidad, Mejora genética, Peral, Recolección.

Abstract
Pear varieties obtained by the CRA–FRF (Italy). Various pear cultivars that can diversify the Italian outlook are presented. These varieties come from a breeding project started over 40 years ago and are characterized by a good quality and appearance.
There is a new selection that can expand the harvesting calendar of Carmen, the most common variety among the new pears of CRA (Forlì, Italy).
Key words: Quality, breeding, Pear tree, Harvest. 

Abstract
Application of high–throughput sequencing techniques in the genome and transcriptome analysis in fruit breeding programs. In recent years different tools for high–throughput DNA (genome) and RNA (transcriptome) sequencing have been developed with a low cost and high precision to be applied in Prunus breeding programs. These techniques can accurately identify the genes responsible for desirable agronomic traits such as resistance to virus, flowering time, precocity, or flower self–compatibility. The main sequencing platforms developed to date are 454–Roche, Solexa–Illumina, ABI/Solid, Ion Torrent y Pacific Biosciences, all of them from United States. Each of these platforms has different characteristics in terms of price and type of reading sequences that make them suitable for different studies. In addition, the availability of complete genomes of different Prunus species is used as a reference for analysing the data obtained with the high–throughput sequencing of genomes and transcriptomes and the subsequent identification of genes responsible for agronomical traits of interest. After this identification of genes, we can develop molecular markers linked, reducing the cost and time involved in obtaining new commercial varieties through markers assisted selection strategies .
Key words: Prunus, stone fruit, Genome, Transcriptome, High–throughput sequencing, DNA–Seq, RNA–Seq, Breeding.